[28] The earthquake produced its own aftershocks (some registering a magnitude of as high as 6.1) and presently ranks as the third-largest earthquake ever recorded on the moment magnitude or Richter magnitude scale. Survivors walk through the debris on Phuket's Patong beach the day after the tsunami, Captain Sathaporn Sawangpuk's ship rode the tsunami wave, Emergency worker Wittaya Tantawanich: "I closed my eyes, prayed, and prepared to die", Somchai and Primpraow Jitpentom, who treated the injured while on holiday, Samran Chanyang was called to duty while knowing his son was missing, Dr Weerawit Sarideepan: "There were thousands of dead bodies waiting to be identified", Hundreds of coffins lie inside Yan Yao temple in December 2004, Russian minister laughed at for Ukraine war claims. He pointed to the sea and told me there was no water at the beach. Island folklore recounted an earthquake and tsunami in 1907, and the islanders fled to inland hills after the initial shaking and before the tsunami struck. Other videos recorded showed that the tsunami appeared like a flood raging inland. We had no place for them so they were wrapped in plastic and white sheets before laying on the ground all over the temple. Then I got hungry, so I drove toward the beach in order to find something to eat. [168], According to USAID, the US has pledged additional funds in long-term U.S. support to help the tsunami victims rebuild their lives. Around 289 fatalities were reported in the Horn of Africa, drowned by four tsunami waves. How many kids died in the 2004 tsunami? Up to four times as many women as men died in the Boxing Day Asian tsunami, according to a report published today by Oxfam International. Of all the moment released by earthquakes in the 100 years from 1906 through 2005, roughly one eighth was due to the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake. Even beach resorts in parts of Thailand which were untouched by the tsunami were hit by cancellations. Although the extreme western edge of the Ring of Fire extends into the Indian Ocean (the point where the earthquake struck), no warning system exists in that ocean. [42], In February 2005, the Royal Navy vessel HMSScott surveyed the seabed around the earthquake zone, which varies in depth between 1,000 and 5,000m (550 and 2,730 fathoms; 3,300 and 16,400ft). Omissions? [citation needed] Inundation limit was found to be up to 1.25km (0.78mi) inland. This quickly elevated the height and increased the speed of waves, destroying the nearby Indonesian town of Lhoknga. A series of huge waves triggered by an earthquake killed more than 230,000 people in 14 countries. Tsunamis there are relatively rare despite earthquakes being relatively frequent in Indonesia. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. All I knew was I had to help people. In the years since 2004, officials have worked hard to install and improve an Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System. The number of deaths currently stands at 68 with 5 people missing. [138], Even though only coastal regions were directly affected by the waters of the tsunami, the indirect effects have spread to inland provinces as well. Long-term environmental damage was severe as well, with villages, tourist resorts, farmland, and fishing grounds demolished or inundated with debris, bodies, and plant-killing salt water. The second wave was the strongest. Between 1998-2017, tsunamis caused more than 250 000 deaths globally, including more than 227 000 deaths due to the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004. The ceremony ended just like any other day. What was the death toll in the Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004? As well as the sideways movement between the plates, the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake resulted in a rise of the seafloor by several metres, displacing an estimated 30km3 (7.2cumi) of water and triggering devastating tsunami waves. [63], The level of destruction was extreme on the northwestern areas of the city, immediately inland of the aquaculture ponds, and directly facing the Indian Ocean. What was the magnitude of the earthquake that caused the Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004? According to official estimates in India, 10,749 people were killed, 5,640 people were missing and thousands of people became homeless when a tsunami triggered by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake near the Indonesian island of Sumatra struck the southern coast on 26 December 2004. It also benefited from the fact that the earthquake proceeded more slowly in the northern rupture zone, greatly reducing the energy of the water displacements in that region. [82] Most of the people killed were members of the fishing community. Moments later, the tsunami arrives as a wall of foaming water that slams into the coast, washing away numerous people who had no time to escape. The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake came just three days after a magnitude 8.1 earthquake in the sub-antarctic Auckland Islands, an uninhabited region west of New Zealand, and Macquarie Island to Australia's north. For example, the folklore of the Onges talks of "huge shaking of ground followed by high wall of water". Banda Aceh reported the largest number of deaths. The tsunami heights recorded:[76][77]. Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004, tsunami that hit the coasts of several countries of South and Southeast Asia in December 2004. A second team found similar evidence of previous tsunamis in Aceh, a province at the northern tip of Sumatra; radiocarbon dating of bark fragments in the soil below the second sand layer led the scientists to estimate that the most recent predecessor to the 2004 tsunami probably occurred between A.D. 1300 and 1450. The oldest lvarez-Beln son studied medicine at University College in London and went on to become a doctor. If you are caught up in the wave, youll face turbulent water filled with rubble. On Karon Beach, Kamala Beach and Kata Beach, the tsunami came in like a surging flood inland carrying people and cars. [16], The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake was initially documented as having a moment magnitude of 8.8. The earthquake registered 9.1-9.3 M w and was the largest in five decades. Consequently, tsunami runup heights vary from 5m (16ft) to 9m (30ft) with inundation distances varying from 44m (144ft) to 704m (2,310ft). I contacted him, but I was unable to reach him. The tsunami arrived approximately 2 hours after the earthquake. In 2004, a tsunami triggered by an earthquake off the Indonesian island of Sumatra killed 226,000 people across the Indian Ocean, including more than 120,000 in Indonesia. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. There's new evidence for what happened to people who survived Vesuvius Archaeologist studied tomb inscriptions and matched names to historical records. [150] Saudi cleric Muhammad Al-Munajjid attributed it to divine retribution against non-Muslim vacationers "who used to sprawl all over the beaches and in pubs overflowing with wine" during Christmas break. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The direct results caused major disruptions to living conditions and commerce in coastal provinces of surrounded countries, including Aceh (Indonesia), Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu (India) and Khao Lak (Thailand). The construction of seawalls and breakwaters reduced the power of waves at some locations. . Each of these megathrust earthquakes also spawned tsunamis in the Pacific Ocean. On the western coast, the runup elevations were 4.5m (15ft) at Kanyakumari District in Tamil Nadu and 3.4m (11ft) each at Kollam and Ernakulam districts in Kerala. Chapter 3, "The matter of money", in Jayasuriya, Sisira and Peter McCawley, "Compilation of videos that show the moment the quake and the subsequent tsunami hit", deadliest natural disasters in recorded history, Thoku, Japan (magnitude 9.1) in March 2011, Countries affected by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami, Library damage resulting from the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, Humanitarian response to the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, "Magnitude 9.1 Off the West Coast of Sumatra", "Long-Term Perspectives on Giant Earthquakes and Tsunamis at Subduction Zones", "Astonishing Wave Heights Among the Findings of an International Tsunami Survey Team on Sumatra", "Nannoliths abundance and distribution in tsunami deposits: example from the December 26, 2004 tsunami in Lhok Nga (north-west Sumatra, Indonesia)", "Joint evaluation of the international response to the Indian Ocean tsunami: Synthesis Report", "Indian Ocean tsunami anniversary: Memorial events held", "Indian Ocean Tsunami Economic Aspects", "The Great Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake of 26 December 2004", "Tsunamis and Earthquakes: Tsunami Generation from the 2004 Sumatra Earthquake USGS Western Coastal and Marine Geology", "Analysis of the Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake Reveals Longest Fault Rupture Ever", "Scientists: Sumatra quake longest ever recorded", "Seismology: Earthquake risk on the Sunda trench", "Power of tsunami earthquake heavily underestimated", "Long-term ocean observing for international capacity development around tsunami early warning | U.S. Geological Survey", "Earthquake related tsunami hazard along the western coast of Thailand", "26th December 2004 great SumatraAndaman earthquake: Co-seismic and post-seismic motions in northern Sumatra", "Rupture Properties of the Giant Sumatra Earthquake Imaged by Empirical Green's Function Analysis", "Revised Tectonic Forecast of Global Shallow Seismicity Based on Version 2.1 of the Global Strain Rate Map", "How do you determine the magnitude for an earthquake that occurred prior to the creation of the magnitude scale? Wittaya Tantawanich - emergency worker, Patong beach. Now 26, Lucas spent the past summer as one of the heroes of the pandemic, helping thousands of COVID-19 patients at hospitals in London. Tsunami survey in Andaman and Nicobar group of Islands. Some 37,000 people are missing. Edie Fassnidge lost both her mother and sister in the tsunami. ". [133] Some of them were still alive but many of them were dead. [41] Since movement was vertical as well as lateral, some coastal areas may have been moved to below sea level. The water had gone down very far, to the middle of the sea, and there were many fish lying around all over the place. The tsunami heights from the 2004 December earthquake were not more than 3m (9.8ft) along the Myanmar coast, the amplitudes were slightly large off the Ayeyarwaddy Delta, probably because the shallow delta caused a concentration in tsunami energy. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Then I rolled back to sleep. [135][136] In Sri Lanka, artisanal fishery, in which the use of fish baskets, fishing traps, and spears are commonly used, is an important source of fish for local markets; industrial fishery is the major economic activity, providing direct employment to about 250,000 people. [93], The tsunami travelled 5,000km (3,100mi) west across the open ocean before striking the East African country of Somalia. Indonesia was the worst affected area, with most death toll estimates at around 170,000. Scientists investigating the damage in Aceh found evidence that the wave reached a height of 24 m (80 ft) when coming ashore along large stretches of the coastline, rising to 30 m (100 ft) in some areas when travelling inland. Also asked, how many survived the 2004 tsunami? The high fatality rate in the area was mainly due to lack of preparation of the community towards a tsunami and limited knowledge and education among the population regarding the natural phenomenon. What I saw at first was just a flash flood that brought a massive amount of water. [15] The plight of the affected people and countries prompted a worldwide humanitarian response, with donations totalling more than US$14 billion. How many people died in the Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004? It also causes the death of plants and important soil micro-organisms. However, the public health risks may have been exaggerated, and therefore this may not have been the best way to allocate resources. July 1, 2022 by by [66], A group of small islands: Weh, Breueh, Nasi, Teunom, Bunta, Lumpat, and Batee lie just north of the capital city. On December 26, 2004, an undersea earthquake struck off the coast of the Indonesian island of Sumatra. What famous person died in the 2004 tsunami? Where did the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami occur? Some locations reported that the waves had reached a height of 30 feet (9 metres) or more when they hit the shoreline. Sat 26 Mar 2005 07.50 EST. The highest-recorded tsunami run-up was measured 19.6m (64ft) at Ban Thung Dap, on the south-west tip of Ko Phra Thong Island and the second-highest at 15.8m (52ft) at Ban Nam Kim. Bush also asked his father, former President George H. W. Bush, and former President Bill Clinton to lead a U.S. effort to provide private aid to the tsunami victims. It took a relatively long time to reach Struisbaai at the southernmost point of Africa, probably because of the broad continental shelf off South Africa and because the tsunami would have followed the South African coast from east to west. The province of Phang Nga was the most affected area in Thailand. How many people died in the Boxing Day tsunami? The following day, more bodies start to come in. 2004 tsunami Tsunami inundation at Khao Lak; the resort area is in the middle . The tsunami of 2004 and the little girl in the Christmas dress; . Large tsunamis have occurred in the United States and will undoubtedly occur again. [64][65] how many people survived the 2004 tsunami. Over the next seven hours, a tsunamia series of immense ocean wavestriggered by the quake reached out across the Indian Ocean, devastating coastal areas as far away as East Africa. [1] Measured in lives lost, this is one of the ten worst earthquakes in recorded history, as well as the single worst tsunami in history. Often, the worst tsunamis are not the largest. The time between the waves ranged from about 15 minutes to 90 minutes. The undersea megathrust earthquake, known by the scientific community as the SumatraAndaman earthquake,[10][11] was caused by a rupture along the fault between the Burma Plate and the Indian Plate, and reached a Mercalli intensity up to IX in some areas. The Phi Phi Islands are a group of small islands that were affected by the tsunami. The tsunami that struck Indonesia in 2004 obliterated vast areas of Aceh province. [59] Many of the aboriginal tribes evacuated and suffered fewer casualties, however. Some people survived . The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". But, do not risk your life and attempt to motor your boat into deep water if it is too close to wave arrival time. with a marginal drop in sea level. The second and third destructive waves arrived later, which exceeded the height of the coconut trees. Numerous aftershocks were reported off the Andaman Islands, the Nicobar Islands and the region of the original epicentre in the hours and days that followed. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. The tsunami surprised many tourists at Koh Racha Yai, where it flooded the resorts. [128], In response to the unprecedented situation, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) worked with governments in the region to determine the severity of the ecological impact and how to address it. All of a sudden, the diving instructor told the boat driver to stop since he noticed something was wrong. The tsunami in Khao Lak was bigger due to offshore coral reefs and shallow seafloor which caused the tsunami to pile-up. [147] The deadliest tsunami before 2004 was Italy's 1908 Messina earthquake on the Mediterranean Sea where the earthquake and tsunami killed about 123,000. The second and third waves came in 10-minute intervals after the first. If anything happens, just stay afloat in this life vest. [25] However, historical earthquake strength can sometimes be estimated by examining historical descriptions of the damage caused, and the geological records of the areas where they occurred. For example, in the United Kingdom, the public donated roughly 330 million sterling (nearly US$600 million). Dont count on roads holding up. [40] Because of tidal effects of the Moon, the length of a day increases at an average of 15 microseconds per year, so any rotational change due to the earthquake will be lost quickly. Did Karl ever find his family in the impossible? After a pause of about another 100 seconds, the rupture continued northwards towards the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. As we got on the ship, I saw houses and restaurants on Koh Racha Yai pulled down into the sea. Powerful tsunamis slammed into the coasts of India, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, the Maldives, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Seychelles and Somalia, devastating thousands of miles of coastline - and the communities that depended on them. Island folklore recounted an earthquake and tsunami in 1907, and the islanders fled to inland hills after the initial shaking and before the tsunami struck. Lituya Bay, Alaska, July 9, 1958 Waves nearly three stories high devastated the Indian Air Force base, located just south of Malacca. The India Plate sinks deeper and deeper beneath the Burma Plate until the increasing temperature and pressure drive volatiles out of the subducting plate. We made a stop at Koh Racha Yai island in Phuket for a diving lesson for our interns. [145], The 2004 earthquake and tsunami combined is the world's deadliest natural disaster since the 1976 Tangshan earthquake.
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