To use this website, please enable javascript in your browser. When two tectonic plates move towards each other the boundary is called convergent. SCIENCE 0373C0. In this activity, students will build a convergent boundary out of colored modeling clay. A convergent boundary, or destructive boundary, is where two plates are moving towards each other and colliding. Copy. Quick Tips Ocean-Continent Convergent Plate Boundaries Loading. During the 165 million years of dinosaur existence this supercontinent slowly broke apart. Visit the Interactive Plate Boundary Map to explore satellite images of these three areas. The Cocos Plate is a small, oceanic tectonic plate named for the Cocos Island and is subducting under Mexico and Central America. A line of volcanoes, known as the Aleutian Islands, is the result of ocean-ocean convergence. Features associated with a subduction zone include: Mountain ranges develop from all types of convergent boundaries. The Himalayas are the biggest and tallest mountains in the world, and they formed from the collision between two continental plates -- the Eurasian Plate and the Indian Plate. What are two examples of this type of plate boundary? Magma chambers are produced as a result of this melting, and the magma is lower in density than the surrounding rock material. Where oceanic and continental plates collide, the former subducts beneath the latter because ocean crust rich in iron and magnesium is denser than continental rock. 2. The material has nowhere to go but up (Figure below)! The different ways the pieces move are like the three types of boundaries: A convergent boundary is a location where two tectonic plates move towards each other. Legal. Thus, the following convergent boundaries occur when two plates meet: When two plates meet, one inevitably gives way and sinks below the other. Two locations are marked within the rift valley of East Africa . At the subduction zone of a convergent boundary, the denser tectonic plate slides underneath the relatively less dense plate. Volcanoes are formed at three locations on the crust of the Earth: at convergent boundaries, divergent boundaries, and hot spots. The subduction zone is the area where two plates are sandwiched on top of each other, like a tectonic BLT. Convergent oceanic-oceanic boundary. Plates can diverge or slide past one another; where they collide, they form tumultuous convergent boundaries, where one plate is either destroyed hence the alternate term destructive plate boundaries or jams up against the other. Some well-known examples of this type of convergent plate boundary on our planet include: The Cascades (Western North America) The Andes: (Western South America) Oceanic-Oceanic Convergent Boundary Figure 2.4.4. C) entire earth had polar conditions at the time the plants were living. The presence of mechanically vulnerable layers like a layer of salt in such deposits speeds up the process of folding. Oceanic-oceanic convergent: a collision between two plates composed of oceanic lithosphere. An example of this type of convergent boundary is the Washington-Oregon coastline of the US. . Oceanic plates are exactly as they sound - the plates below the oceans. collision theory, theory used to predict the rates of chemical reactions, particularly for gases. Examples in the World Another example of the oceanic-continental convergent boudaries is the Washington-Oregon coastline of the US. Copyright 2023 . from the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Just like these cracked pieces of eggshell, the entire outer crust of the Earth is broken down into sections, called tectonic plates. The North Andean Plate is a continental plate that is located in the northern portion of South America in Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela. Examples of continent-continent convergent boundaries are the collision of the India Plate with the Eurasian Plate, creating the Himalaya Mountains, and the collision of the African Plate with the Eurasian Plate, creating the series of ranges extending from the Alps in Europe to the Zagros Mountains in Iran. All continents, including North America, tend to be older in their interiors and grow outward over geologic time, as terranes are added to the edges of the continent. Examples of continent-continent convergent boundaries are the collision of the India Plate with the Eurasian Plate, creating the Himalaya Mountains, and the collision of the African Plate with the Eurasian Plate, creating the series of ranges extending from the Alps in Europe to the Zagros Mountains in Iran. At continental-oceanic or oceanic-oceanic boundaries, the plates are different densities, and one sinks under the other. Some of our most famous mountain ranges have been formed as a result of Continental-Continental Convergence! As one plate bends and subducts under the other, it melts into the asthenosphere, and a deep trench forms. At convergent plate boundaries, oceanic crust is often forced down into the mantle where it begins to melt. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. Convergent boundaries occur when two plates move towards each other. Earthquakes and volcanoes can reveal a lot about plate boundaries. Facts about Convergent Boundaries 10: a continental-continental plate boundary. Review The Himalaya Mountain Range is the best active example of this type of plate boundary. Plate tectonics is driven by convection cells in the mantle. Convergent Boundary. Where can you find an example of this type of convergent boundary? When one oceanic and one continental plate collide, the denser oceanic plate subducts beneath the continental plate. subducted. The Himalayan range is a classic example of fold mountains formed in this manner. This boundary is a continent-continent convergent boundary. Is Clostridium difficile Gram-positive or negative? Learn the definition of a convergent plate boundary and explore the different types of convergent boundaries, where they occur, and see detailed examples. Wiki User. The Himalayas in Nepal, the European Alps and the Southern Alps in New Zealand are all examples of continental-continental convergent boundaries. Northern Cascade Mountains in the Pacific Northwest America, Specify the cause of a convergent boundary, Discuss the results of two oceanic plates colliding, Name some examples of convergent boundaries. A third type of boundary, known as transform, occurs where two plates slide past each other. What are at least 3 effects of the oceanic plate/continental plate convergent boundary? The cracks in the egg are boundaries between plates. Plate Boundaries and Features Google Form. Convergent continental-continental boundary. Japan, the Aleutian Islands, and the Eastern Caribbean islands of Martinique, St. Lucia, and St. Vincent and the Grenadines are examples of islands formed through this type of plate boundary. Out of the two, the older or colder plate will be denser. The Red Sea is an example of a more completely developed rift. A convergent boundary might also feature two oceanic plates. The classic example of a continental/continental convergent boundary is the rumpled overlap where the Indian Plate drives into the Eurasian Plate, a tectonic collision that has thrown up the greatest mountains in the world - the Himalayas - as well as the vast, high Tibetan Plateau. The different types of boundaries will result in different geographic features as described in the sections below. There are three important parts to collision theory, that reacting substances must collide, that they must collide with enough energy and that they must collide with the correct orientation. When two oceanic plates collide, ocean trenches and volcanoes can form. Before collision, both plates would have extended much further than their current boundaries: some 2500 km of India's continental crust was either subducted beneath Asia or squashed and . C) Paleomagnetic reversals. Examples of Convergent Boundaries The West Coast of South America is a convergent boundary between the Nazca Plate and the South American Plate. The Andes Mountain Range of western South America is another example of a convergent boundary between an oceanic and continental plate. A subduction zone is an area where one plate sinks underneath another. The collision theory is based on the assumption that for a reaction to occur it is necessary for the reacting species (atoms or molecules) to come together or collide with one another. In order for a collision to be successful by resulting in a chemical reaction, A and B must collide with sufficient energy to break chemical bonds. What is the example of divergent boundary? The Caribbean Plate, which is an oceanic plate, is subducting under the North Andean Plate, forming extensive volcanos in the area. A convergent boundary occurs when two tectonic plates move towards each other. Oceanic/Oceanic Oceanic/Continental Show. The intense compression can also cause extensive folding and faulting of rocks within the two colliding plates. Oceanic plates are made of basaltic rocks, which are much more dense. The continents of Africa, South America, Australia and Antarctica were originally part of a large supercontinent called Gondwanaland. This is an ocean-ocean boundary in which the South American plate meets the Caribbean plate. About 225 million years ago, India was a large island still situated off the Australian coast, and a vast ocean (called Tethys Sea) separated India from the Asian continent. What is an example of a convergent plate boundary? This is how mountain ranges form, including even the biggest ones in the world, like the Himalayas. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Another type of convergent plate boundary is when two continental plates collide. The visualization shows how earthquakes at this margin occur at depth, and define the slope of the subducting plate. He holds a B.S. Some or all of these activities happen at the convergent boundaries: subduction of the denser plate underneath the less dense one, melting of parts of the subducted plates, plate collision, faulting and folding, crustal deformation, magma generation, volcanic eruptions, and earthquakes. An interesting feature of the Alps is the Matterhorn which has rock materials from both the Eurasian plate and African plate but in different places. The Himalayan mountain range and Tibetan plateau have formed as a result of the collision between the Indian Plate and Eurasian Plate which began 50 million years ago and continues today. As a result of this, dramatic seismic events can follow like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or deformation of the crust. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The Alps are some of the most majestic mountains around. In this satellite image is an erupting volcano, topped by snow or ice, and surrounded by seawater - a member of the Aleutian chain. Convergent boundaries are just one of three types of tectonic plate boundaries that can form. 55) The East Africa Rift Valleys are an example of _____ plate boundary. The types are ocean-ocean, ocean-continent, and continent-continent. Examples of continent-continent convergent boundaries are the collision of the India Plate with the Eurasian Plate, creating the Himalaya Mountains, and the collision of the African Plate with the Eurasian Plate, creating the series of ranges extending from the Alps in Europe to the Zagros Mountains in Iran. Tell us If a magma chamber rises to the surface without solidifying, the magma will break through in the form of a volcanic eruption. 5 Perfect Social Commentary Examples in Human History, 10 Vestigial Structures Examples in Animals. 3) _____. flashcard sets. Deep oceanic trenches are produced in the process and the subduction activity might lead to earthquakes or volcanic eruptions. Now that we know what tectonic plates mean, we can easily answer the question of what a convergent boundary is. Along the Pacific Northwest coast, for example, oceanic plates subducting beneath the North American Plate create the Cascadia Subduction Zone, fueling the Cascade Range volcanoes; the Nazca (and, to a lesser extent, Antarctic) plate subducting under the South American Plate, meanwhile, uplifted the Andes and peppered that towering range with volcanoes. Seafloor Spreading Theory & Facts | What is Seafloor Spreading? Continental collision is a variation on the fundamental process of subduction, whereby the subduction zone is destroyed, mountains produced, and two continents sutured together. Typically, no subduction takes place as both plates are less dense than the mantle. Two plates slide past each other. An error occurred trying to load this video. When two tectonic plates approach each other, subduction zones might be created at the convergent boundary between these two tectonic plates. Slight movements in the lithosphere can cause earthquakes when the plates bump against each other. Tectonic Plates Overview & Types | Tectonic Plates Definition, Divergent, Convergent, & Transform Plate Boundaries, Evidence for the Mechanism of Continental Drift. The amazing Himalaya Mountains are an example of this type of convergent plate boundary. About 450 volcanoes occur here which is 75% of all of the volcanoes on earth. What is formed at continental continental plate boundaries? This deformation can extend hundreds of miles into the plate interior. Convergent boundaries occur between oceanic-oceanic lithosphere, oceanic-continental lithosphere, and continental-continental lithosphere. When two continental plates collide, the impact is so significant that the material in the subduction zone is pushed upwards. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you ( now the highest in the world) The geographic location of the point of collision . There are two kinds of plates: oceanic plates and continental plates. This is just like what happens if you put your hands on two sides of a sheet of paper and bring your hands together. The volcanoes located in the Pacific Ring of Fire and the Mount Etna volcano on the east coast of Sicily were formed in this manner. The collision of two continental plates occurs when a sea becomes narrower until both plates collide. She has a Master's Degree in Cellular and Molecular Physiology from Tufts Medical School and a Master's of Teaching from Simmons College. Answers: 1 Show answers Another question on Chemistry. This convergent boundary has a trench and mantle wedge and frequently, a volcanic arc. 3) Fossils of ancient polar plants are currently found near the equator because the ________. The tectonic plates of the lithosphere are not static in nature but are constantly moving towards and away from each other. This page titled 5.17: Continent-Continent Convergent Plate Boundaries is shared under a CK-12 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by CK-12 Foundation via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon request. This indicates how strong in your memory this concept is, Continent-Continent Convergent Plate Boundaries. Here the oceanic plate of Juan de Fuca is subducting beneath the North American continental plate that is moving in a westward direction. The tectonic activity at this convergent boundary has led to the formation of the volcanic Cascade Mountain Range. But instead of resting on liquid-y egg yolk, these plates float on a sea of hot magma, something you'd only actually see in rare events like volcanoes. The buoyant magma chambers begin a slow ascent through the overlying materials, melting and fracturing their way upwards. Since two continental plates are colliding, subduction becomes questionable as the difference in density between the plates is usually quite low. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". by. Since the African plate was denser, it was subducted under leaving the lighter continental crust above it.
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